How to recognize and treat cauda equina syndrome, according to experts

To understand what is called in medicine Cauda equina syndromeWe shall begin with a brief anatomy lesson. This is how the doctor explained the details to us Angel Horcazadas Almansa, Neurosurgeon at Vithus Institute of Neuroscience And Neurosurgery Coordinator at Vitus Granada Hospital. “The spine is located within the vertebral column, in the so-called spinal canal, which extends from the cervical region to the end of the sacrum. However, the cord does not reach the end of the spinal canal but usually terminates at the level of the last dorsal or first lumbar vertebra and from there, within the canal, only nerve roots which leaves the spinal cord and goes to the lower limbs. Because of its morphology This bundle of nerves is called the cauda equina. Due to its similarity with the appendix of the said animal,” the expert indicated.

He also adds that this is the nerve root The lower body is responsible for sensory and motor functionsincluding legs, feet and pelvic organs. “Damage to this area can affect walking ability, bladder and bowel control and sexual function,” he told us.

Cauda equina syndrome is a Serious medical condition It occurs when the cauda equina nerve root at the lower end of the spinal cord is compressed and damaged. The doctor explained to us that this compression can cause many debilitating symptoms that require immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage.

What is the cause of its development?

This syndrome can be, as the doctor explained to us, the result of various factors, including the following:

• Lumbar disc herniation: The most common cause is a herniated disc that puts pressure on the nerve root. Although this is the most common cause, it is estimated that only 2 to 6% of herniated discs will cause cauda equina compression. Inside the intervertebral discs is a gel called the nucleus pulposus, which sometimes extends posteriorly, where the spinal canal and nerve roots are located. These are usually large hernias that are usually associated with a narrow spinal canal.
• trauma: Injuries to the lower back can damage nerve roots.
• Tumors of the Spinal Cord: The tumor may grow and compress the cauda equina.
• Infection: Infections such as epidural abscesses can cause this condition.
• Post-operative complications: Rarely, spinal surgery can cause this syndrome.
• Rarely vascular problems such as dural fistulas that increase venous pressure in the cauda equina, causing congestion.

Is it a problem that can be prevented?

Based on the factors already explained, the prevention of this syndrome prevent back injuries, Since the most common cause is a herniated disc. “Therefore, we should avoid straining our spine or lifting weights and take care of our backs with physical exercises aimed at strengthening the lumbo-abdominal muscles frequently and avoiding excess weight. Tobacco also contributes to disc degeneration, so quitting smoking benefits our backs,” he recommends.

What are the symptoms of this health problem?

Symptoms of cauda equina syndrome can vary, but the most common include:

• Acute lower back pain: Sharp pain in the lower back that may radiate down the legs.
• Bladder and bowel dysfunction: Loss of control over urination and defecation, which may manifest as incontinence or retention.
• Weakness and numbness: Sensation of weakness and numbness in the legs and feet, especially in the saddle area (inner thighs).
• sexual dysfunction: Erection problems in men and decreased sensitivity in women.

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This confirms the diagnosis

As we mentioned earlier, Rapid diagnosis of cruciafor l Prevent permanent damage. “The most important thing is to suspect the clinical picture. In a patient with severe lumbar pain and genital swelling, we must suspect cauda equina involvement. In case of doubt, the patient should be asked about Possible changes in the sphincter. Clinical examination will include testing of strength and sensitivity, particularly in the saddle area. In the case of a herniated disc or trauma, symptoms appear quickly, when Tumor growth is usually slow“, the doctor informed us in detail.

The diagnosis is usually made in emergency services, where they can sometimes go unnoticed, since low back pain is a very common reason for consultation. That’s why it’s important to carefully investigate other associated symptoms. “If you suspect cauda equina syndrome, you need to be diligent because time is of the essence and a circulation Urgent lumbar MRI”, points out the Bithus doctor.

Treatment of cauda equina syndrome

If it is confirmed that there is compression of Chouda equina Treatment is surgery. Experts emphasize that quick intervention can make the difference between successful recovery and permanent consequences. It also summarizes potential variables that influence disease progression and prognosis:

• if he Image short evolution and fast, As with herniated discs, urgent treatment should be sought, since the likelihood of recovery is related to the duration of symptoms and their severity.
• If symptoms start slowly And gradually, treatment can be postponed, but always highly desirable.
• If it is an infection, In addition to decompressing, antibiotics should be combined.
• If there is trauma And there is a piece of bone compressed in the canal, it must be operated immediately.

“It’s important to supplement with one after decompression Rehabilitation treatment Not only motor function, but also sphincter function,” he says.

What is the prognosis of a person diagnosed with this syndrome?

Prognosis of cauda equina syndrome It depends on how quickly it is diagnosed and treated. Doctors tell us that early intervention can lead to significant recovery, while delay can result in permanent neurological damage. Complications may include:

• Permanent Disability: Chronic weakness, numbness and loss of bladder and bowel control.
• Chronic pain: Pain persists despite treatment.
• Sexual Dysfunction: Ongoing problems with sexual function.

“It’s so one Rare entityBut crucial factors depend on diagnosis and early treatment The patient’s future quality of life”, he concludes.