Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is characterized by repeated occurrence of epilepsy due to abnormal discharge. Electrical activity in the brain. “Epilepsy is a disease that has a cure in most cases, but it carries a stigma that affects those who suffer from it,” says Dr. Francisco Javier López, member of the Epilepsy Study Group of the Spanish Society of Neurology.
Although treatment has improved significantly, Living with epilepsy It still greatly affects the quality of life of those who suffer from the condition. From crisis management to psychological and social impact. To learn more about this condition and, above all, to learn how to live with epilepsy, we spoke to several experts who explained to us exactly what this pathology consists of, what its treatment is and if it progresses, and how diet, exercise or even rest .
What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy is characterized by a characteristic Epileptic seizures Recurrences, which may vary in type and severity. “A patient must at least experience a diagnosis of epilepsy Two epileptic seizures without a clear causeOr a crisis with a tendency to get more,” explains Dr. Lopez. These seizures occur when one or more parts of the brain emit abnormal electrical discharges, resulting in symptoms that range from sensory hallucinations. convulsions Generalized tonic-clonic.
Types of epilepsy
Epilepsy is classified into different types of seizures and epilepsy. According to Dr. Lopez, “Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, where the patient Falling to the ground and convulsing, the most familiar, But they are not the most frequent.” The most common crises are those who absencewhere the patient disconnects for a few seconds or minutes or makes mild involuntary movements. There is also Focal or partial seizuresIn which only part of the brain is affected, one area of the body produces specific symptoms.
Factors that cause crisis
Epileptic seizures can be caused by a number of factors, including: Brain injury due to genetic factors, trauma or vascular disease such as stroke. “Injury to the cerebral cortex, where neurons are located, is a common cause of seizures,” Dr. Lopez explains Similarly, environmental factors, viz Stress, lack of sleep and exposure to bright lightsCan also trigger a seizure in epileptic patients.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) are innovative therapeutic strategies for epilepsy patients resistant to conventional treatments.
treatment
Fortunately, advances in the treatment of epilepsy have been almost universal Two-thirds of patients can control seizures with antiepileptic drugs. “Today, we have more than that 20 types of drugs “Which has significantly reduced side effects compared to older drugs,” the neurologist highlighted. For patients who do not respond to medication, there are other options such as “the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Innovative therapeutic strategies for these patients Epilepsy resistant to conventional treatment“He explains. These surgically implanted devices can reduce the frequency and severity of seizures by sending electrical stimulation to specific areas of the brain.
© Getty ImagesWhat is it like to live with epilepsy?
Undoubtedly, one of the biggest concerns of patients is how to live with this disease and avoid the risks that arise. Living with epilepsy is a challenge, largely due to the unpredictability of seizures and the fear of social stigma. D Dr. Carla Anciones, Head of the Epilepsy Unit at Sanitas La Zarzuela University Hospital, points out that “the prospect of a crisis at any moment creates insecurity and anxiety.” Patients are forced to adapt their daily activities, limiting activities such as driving or certain sports, which can lead to depression, isolation and in some cases depression. However, it is possible to live well with epilepsy by taking into account the potential dangers and avoiding them, as well as reducing the risk of new seizures through medication and healthy lifestyle habits.
Alternatives such as the modified Atkins diet may also help reduce seizure frequency.
Epilepsy management strategies
Dr. Anciones recommends that patients work together with their medical team Develop a plan that includes treatment adherence and its control Factors that can cause a crisisyes, like Sleep and stress. “It is vital that the patient adopts a healthy lifestyle that complements the medication and minimizes triggers.”
Diet and exercise
D Food is a fundamental pillar for improving quality of life These patients. Specifically, as experts point out, a ketogenic diet characterized by a high content of healthy fats and low carbohydrates has been shown to be effective in refractory epilepsy patients. AndGoes Mª Bautista, Nutritionist of Blua de Sanitasexplains that “the ketogenic diet promotes the production of ketone bodies, substances that are characterized by AnticonvulsantYes.” as an alternative Atkins diet May also help reduce the frequency of altered seizures. Additionally, Bautista recommends eating foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables and nuts, which protect brain cells and improve overall health.
he Regular exercise This is another fundamental pillar for the management of this disease. Additionally, it is not only beneficial in crisis management, but it also helps patients’ mental health. Dr. Anciones recommends Low-impact activities, such as walking, swimming and exercisingCar yogaActivities that can reduce stress without exposing people with the disease to unnecessary risk. However, he cautions that “high-impact activities such as boxing or rugby should be avoided, especially in patients who have not yet controlled their condition.” They certainly are Use caution in water sports, such as swimming, always under supervision.
Patients should be cautious about consuming substances such as alcohol and certain medications that may interfere with antiepileptic treatment.
Manage stress, anxiety and sleep
Another factor that can aggravate the disease and the quality of life of epilepsy patients stress and anxiety. Virginia del Palacio Lorca, psychologist at Blue de Sanitas, highlighted that “chronic stress can trigger seizures in epileptic patients, Increases cortisol levels and adrenaline in the body.” This increase in nervous system activity can lead to seizures and affect the general well-being of patients. To reduce the effects of stress, experts recommend relaxation and meditation techniques and psychological support to manage the fear of crisis in public.
And if managing and controlling stress and anxiety is important Live well with epilepsyA good rest guarantee is also essential. And lack of sleep can increase the risk of seizures. “Establishing a consistent sleep routine is important, and patients should avoid stimulants such as caffeine and screens before bed,” advises the psychologist. A suitable sleep environment, with a dark place and no noise, is also important for the patient to rest.
We should also not forget that an unsafe environment represents a risk for people with epilepsy. Dr. Anciones recommends Adapt the home to reduce hazards in the event of a crisis. Avoid removing sharp objects or hard surfaces. Patients should be too Be careful about using substances like alcohol and certain drugs which may interfere with antiepileptic treatment. Even excessive caffeine consumption can increase the risk of seizures.
Role of family and friends
Finally, it is also important to highlight the great role that family and friends play in the management of patients with epilepsy. In fact, support from the immediate environment is essential to improve the quality of life of people with this disease. In this sense, Virginia del Palacio highlighted that “family and friends should educate themselves about epilepsy in order to better understand the condition and Know how to act in a crisis”
It’s also important to offer Emotional support provides a safe place to listen and express concernsAs this is the person who can best guide you towards the kind of help you need. Normalizing their situation, accompanying the person in social activities can help reduce anxiety and promote inclusion. In addition, Promote healthy habitsLike good nutrition and regular exercise, can benefit your well-being.
